![]() The objectives of this tandem offloading study are: Generally the reliability of the offloading operability could be improved by time-domain simulation of the recurring offloading operations over representative met ocean time traces. ![]() The operability assessment for tandem offloading was performed by applying pre-defined operating criteria to time traces of met ocean conditions. The tandem offloading system, however, offers much lower uptime below 60% (mainly due to the strong currents). It is expected that the operability of the SPM system is over 95% uptime. From the three alternative offloading systems evaluated, a base case has been determined with SPM CALM buoy recommended as a primary offloading system and a tandem offloading as a back-up/contingen cy system.
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